|
Spanish orthography is the orthography used in the Spanish language. The alphabet uses the Latin script. The spelling is fairly phonemic, especially in comparison to more opaque orthographies like English and Irish, having a relatively consistent mapping of graphemes to phonemes; in other words, the pronunciation of words can largely be predicted from the spelling. The punctuation is similar to that used in other Romance languages and in English. ==Alphabet in Spanish== The Spanish language is written using the Spanish alphabet, which is the Latin script with one additional letter: ''eñe'' "ñ", for a total of 27 letters. Although the letters "k" and "w" are part of the alphabet, they appear only in loanwords such as ', ', ' and ' (tungsten). Each letter has a single official name according to the Real Academia Española's new 2010 Common Orthography, but in some regions alternative traditional names coexist as explained below. The sequence represents the affricate . The digraph was formerly treated as a single letter, called ''che''. The phonemes and have merged in many dialects; see ''ceceo''. With the exception of some loanwords: ', ', ', which have . When is written double (e.g. '), it represents the palatal lateral in a few dialects; but in most dialects—because of the historical merger called yeísmo—it, like the letter , represents the phoneme . Used only in the digraph . The digraph , which only appears between vowels, represents the trill . For details on Spanish pronunciation, see Spanish phonology and Wikipedia:IPA for Spanish. When acute accent and diaeresis marks are used on vowels (, , , , and ) they are considered variants of the plain vowel letters, but is considered a separate letter from . This makes a difference when sorting alphabetically: appears in dictionaries after . For example, in a Spanish dictionary ' comes after '. There are five digraphs: ("che" or "ce hache"), ("elle" or "doble ele"), ("doble erre"), ("ge u") and ("cu u").〔("CH" ), ("LL" ) and ("R" ) in DPD, 2005〕 While ''che'' and ''elle'' were formerly treated each as a single letter,〔 in 1994 the tenth congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, by request of UNESCO and other international organizations, agreed to alphabetize and as ordinary sequences of letters. Thus, for example, in dictionaries, ''chico'' is alphabetized after ''centro'' and before ''ciudad'', instead of being alphabetized after all words beginning with ''cu-'' as was formerly done.〔''""'' (Real Academia Española ). (Explanation ) at (spanishpronto.com ) (in Spanish and English)〕 Despite their former status as unitary letters of the alphabet, and have always been treated as sequences with regard to the rules of capitalization. Thus the word ' in a text written in all caps is ''CHILLÓN'', not *''ChILlÓN'', and if it is the first word of a sentence, it is written ''Chillón'', not *''CHillón''. Sometimes, one finds lifts with buttons marked ', but this double capitalization has always been incorrect according to RAE rules. In Spanish text, the letters are ranked from most to least common: ,〔Fletcher Pratt, Secret and Urgent: the Story of Codes and Ciphers Blue Ribbon Books, 1939, pp. 254-255. The eñe is added in the fourth to last position according to the Quixote (gutenberg.org )〕 and the vowels take around 45% of the text. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spanish orthography」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|